Seeds

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Browse seeds alphabetically by Latin name:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

(for common name to Latin name list, see below)

Trees

Shrubs

Perennials

Biennials

Annuals

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We now only send seeds to the UK.

New seeds added recently:

Cajanus cajan – Pigeon pea, Tur dal
Thlaspi arvense – Field pennycress

Nitrogen fixing species

Trees		Shrubs			Perennials
Alnus cordata	Gymnocladus dioica	Alnus viridis	Elaeagnus multiflora	Shepherdia argentea	Anthyllis vulneraria	Lotus corniculatus	Trifolium repens
Alnus glutinosa	Hippophae rhamnoides	Amorpha fruticosa	Elaeagnus umbellata	Shepherdia canadensis	Astragalus glycyphyllos	Lotus pedunculatus	Vicia sativa ssp nigra
Alnus incana	Hippophae salicifolia	Caragana arborescens	Genista tinctoria	Spartium junceum	Astragalus mongholicus	Lupinus perennis	Vicia sylvatica
Alnus rubra	Laburnum anagyroides	Ceanothus sanguineus	Lespedeza bicolor	Ulex europaeus	Coronilla varia	Medicago lupulina
Alnus sinuata	Maackia amurensis	Cercis occidentalis	Lupinus arboreus	Wisteria sinensis	Galega officinalis	Melilotus officinalis
Ceratonia siliqua	Sophora japonica	Colutea arborescens	Myrica californica	Cajanus cajan	Glycyrrhiza echinata	Onobrychis viciifolia
Cercis canadensis		Coronilla emerus	Myrica cerifera		Glycyrrhiza glabra	Trifolium dubium
Cladrastis lutea		Cytisus scoparius	Myrica pensylvanica		Lathyrus maritimus	Trifolium hybridum
Gleditsia triacanthos		Elaeagnus angustifolia	Myrica rubra		Lathyrus pratensis	Trifolium pratense

Ground cover species

Acanthus mollis	Claytonia sibirica	Hypericum calycinum	Mentha suaveolens	Smilacina racemosa	Trifolium repens
Achillea millefolium	Cornus canadensis	Lamium purpureum	Onobrychis viciifolia	Symphytum officinale	Viola odorata
Alchemilla mollis	Coronilla varia	Lotus corniculatus	Origanum vulgare	Thalictrum minus
Asperula odorata	Duchesnea indica	Lotus pedunculatus	Polygonatum odoratum	Thymus serpyllum
Calamintha nepeta	Fragaria vesca	Medicago lupulina	Pulmonaria officinale	Thymus vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris	Gaultheria shallon	Melissa officinalis	Sanicula europaea	Tiarella cordifolia
Campanula latifolia	Hemerocallis minor	Mentha longifolia	Saponaria officinalis	Trifolium dubium
Campanula rapunculoides	Herniaria glabra	Mentha piperita	Sedum rupestre	Trifolium hybridum
Centranthus ruber	Hypericum androsaemum	Mentha spicata	Sedum telephium	Trifolium pratense

Stratification Information

Many species are dioecious in nature, meaning that male and female flowers occur on different plants, and fruits form only on female plants. Growing these species from seed is an ideal way of ensuring that a mixture of male and female plants is obtained; if possible, grow on at least 4 or 5 plants to give yourself a good chance of having at least one male. Excess male plants can always be weeded out once it becomes clear what sex the plants are.

Details given for seeds in the tables below have a code for the recommended seed treatment prior to sowing:

Recommended seed treatments

Stratification of seeds involves mixing the seed with a moist medium and keeping warm and/or cold for a certain time before sowing. We recommend mixing seeds with moist (not wet) silver sand, using 4 parts or more sand to one of seeds; the mix should be placed in a plastic bag which can be sealed and re-opened. Label the bag well! Warm stratification means keeping the seed/sand mix at about room temperature, 60-70°F or 15-21°C; cold means keeping the mix at about 40°F (5°C) – a domestic fridge is ideal for small quantities. When cold stratifying over winter, seed/sand mixes can be placed outside in a rodent/bird-proof container (eg. a plastic dustbin). Whenever stratifying seed, check every week or two to see if germination is starting. When it does you will see white roots start to emerge from seeds, and if this happens then the seeds should be sown immediately. If this isn’t possible, keep the mix at a temperature just above freezing until you can sow.

Scarification of seeds involves softening the hard seed coat in some way to allow water to be imbibed into the seed. The simplest way of achieving this is to give the seeds a hot water soak, putting them into water at about 190°F (88°C) and allowing them to stand for several hours while the water cools. Alternatively, the seeds can be physically rubbed, eg. between two sheets of fine sandpaper – take care not to rub too much.

Dewaxing – some seeds are covered in a layer of wax (notably Myrica species) which stops the seeds imbibing water and germinating. This must be removed before stratification or sowing – the best way to do this is to rub the seeds between two sheets of coarse sandpaper (do it for periods of a few seconds at a time, then check the seeds – you only want to get rid of the wax and not damage the seeds!)

Seeds which take a long time to germinate are best sown in seed trays or pots, and covered with sand rather than compost. Very small seeds should be sown on the surface of the compost and the tray/pot kept moist by enclosing it in a plastic bag. Finally, don’t give up if seeds don’t germinate, or only a few germinate, in the first year – many seeds spread out their germination over more than one year. If the seeds are large enough, you can check their viability by cutting one in half – the seed embryo inside should be white and solid, and not soft or watery.

After the description of each species, codes are given for the recommended treatment to promote good germination. (Note that using these treatments does not guarantee germination. Seed lots vary in their requirements and these are a general guide only.) The codes used are:

ND Not dormant, sow in spring.
SI Not dormant, but must be sown immediately.
SC Scarify and sow in spring.
CS Cold stratify. Followed by a number of weeks, eg CS 13 = cold stratify 13 weeks (3 months).
WS Warm stratify. Followed by a number of weeks, eg WS 6 = warm stratify 6 weeks.

Warm stratification can sometimes be followed by cold stratification, eg. WS 13 + CS 13 means 13 weeks warm first then 13 weeks cold stratification.

Example: Assuming an intended sowing date of April 1st, then 4 weeks of stratification should start on 4th March, 6 weeks on 17th February, 8 weeks on 3rd February, 13 weeks on 1st January, 16 weeks on 10th December, 20 weeks on 12th November, 26 weeks on 1st October, etc. If you have trouble counting the weeks backwards there is a handy date calculator at http://www.timeanddate.com/date/dateadd.html

Common name listing

Common name	Latin name
Abscess root	Polemonium reptans
Alexanders	Smyrnium olusatrum
Alsike clover	Trifolium hybridum
American arbor-vitae	Thuja occidentalis
American persimmon	Diospyros virginiana
Amur cork tree	Phellodendron amurense
Angelica	Angelica archangelica
Anise hyssop	Agastache foeniculum
Apple mint	Mentha suaveolens
Apple serviceberry	Amelanchier lamarckii
Arolla pine	Pinus cembra
Atlas cedar	Cedrus atlantica
Austrian pine	Pinus nigra austriaca
Autumn olive	Elaeagnus umbellata
B;ood dock	Rumex sangineus
Babington leek	Allium babingtonii
Ballhead onion	Allium senescens
Balsam fir	Abies balsamea
Barberry	Berberis vulgaris
Beach pea	Lathyrus maritimus
Bear’s breeches	Acanthus mollis
Bearberry	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Bentham’s cornel	Cornus capitata
Bilberry	Vaccinium myrtillus
Bird’s foot trefoil	Lotus corniculatus
Black cherry	Prunus serotina
Black chokeberry	Aronia melanocarpa
Black locust	Robinia pseudoacacia
Black mulberry	Morus nigra
Bladder campion	Silene vulgaris
Bladder nut	Staphylea pinnata
Bladder senna	Colutea arborescens
Bloodroot	Sanguinaria canadensis
Blue bean	Decaisnea fargesii
Blue passion flower	Passiflora caerulea
Boneset	Eupatorium perforatum
Box	Buxus sempervirens
Broad-leaved lavender	Lavandula latifolia
Broom	Cytisus scoparius
Bucks horn plantain	Plantago coronopus Minutina
Buffalo berry	Shepherdia argentea
Burnet saxifrage	Pimpinella saxifaga
Bush clover	Lespedeza bicolor
Butcher’s broom	Ruscus aculeatus
Butterfly weed	Asclepias tuberosa
Calamint savory	Calamintha nepeta
California redbud	Cercis occidentalis
Californian wax myrtle	Myrica californica
Cardoon	Cynara cardunculus
Carob	Ceratonia siliqua
Carolina allspice	Calycanthus floridus
Cathay Quince	Chaenomeles cathayensis
Chaste tree	Vitex agnus-castus
Cherry plum	Prunus cerasifera
Chicory	Cichorium intybus
Chinese angelica	Angelica dahurica
Chinese angelica tree	Aralia chinensis
Chinese cedar	Toona sinensis
Chinese chives	Allium ramosum
Chinese date	Zizyphus jujube
Chinese dogwood	Cornus kousa chinensis
Chinese lantern	Physalis alkekengi
Chinese mallow	Malva verticillata Crispa
Chinese milk vetch	Astragalus mongholicus
Chinese plum yew	Cephalotaxus fortunei
Chinese white pine	Pinus armandii
Chinese wisteria	Wisteria sinensis
Chives	Allium schoenoprasum
Chocolate vine	Akebia quinata
Coast redwood	Sequioa sempervirens
Colewort	Crambe cordifolia
Columbine	Aquilegia vulgaris
Comfrey	Symphytum officinale
Common mallow	Malva sylvestris
Common milkweed	Asclepias syriaca
Common or European alder	Alnus glutinosa
Common vetch	Vicia sativa spp nigra
Cornelian cherry	Cornus mas
Corsican pine	Pinus nigra corsicana
Cow parsley	Anthriscus sylvestris
Creeping bellflower	Campanula rapunculoides
Creeping dogwood	Cornus canadensis
Creeping Oregon grape	Mahonia repens
Crown vetch	Coronilla varia
Daffodil garlic	Allium neapolitanum
Darwin’s barberry	Berberis darwinii
Date plum	Diospyros lotus
Dawn redwood	Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Douglas fir	Pseudotsuga menziesii
Downy Birch	Betula pubescens
Dwarf quince	Chaenomeles japonica
Dwarf Siberian pine	Pinus pumila
Dyer’s greenweed	Genista tinctoria
Eastern red cedar	Juniperus virginiana
Elderberry	Sambucus nigra
Empress tree	Paulownia tomentosa
European goldenrod	Solidago virgaurea
European Hackberry	Celtis australis
Evening primrose	Oenothera biennis
False indigo	Amorpha fruticosa
False spikenard	Smilacina racemosa
False strawberry	Duchesnea indica
Fennel	Foeniculum vulgare
Feverfew	Tanacetum parthenium
Field eryngo	Eryngium campestre
Garlic chives	Allium tuberosum
Garlic mustard	Alliaria petiolata
Giant bellflower	Campanula latifolia
Globe artichoke	Cynara scolymus
Goat’s rue	Galega officinalis
Goji	Lycium barbarum
Golden chain	Laburnum anagyroides
Golden garlic	Allium moly
Golden rain tree	Koelreuteria paniculata
Good king Henry	Chenopodium bonus-henricus
Gorse	Ulex europaeus
Goumi	Elaeagnus multiflora
Grand fir	Abies grandis
Grassleaf daylily	Hemerocallis minor
Great bulrush	Scirpus lacustris
Great burnet	Sanguisorba officinalis
Greater Bird’s foot trefoil	Lotus pedunculatus
Green alder	Alnus viridis
Grey alder	Alnus incana
Guelder rose	Viburnum opulus
Hard rush	Juncus inflexus
Hardy Kiwi	Actinidia arguta
Hawthorn	Crataegus monogyna
Heather	Calluna vulgaris
Hedge bedstraw	Galium album
Highbush cranberry	Viburnum trilobum
Hoarhound	Marrubium vulgare
Holly	Ilex aquifolium
Hollyhock mallow	Malva alcea
Honey locust	Gleditsia triacanthos
Hop hornbeam	Ostrya carpinifolia
Horsemint	Mentha longifolia
Hosta	Hosta sieboldiana elegans
Hyssop	Hyssopus officinalis
Indian barberry	Berberis lycium
Italian Alder	Alnus cordata
Jacob’s ladder	Polemonium caeruleum
Japanese cornelian cherry	Cornus officinalis
Japanese ivy	Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Japanese pagoda tree	Sophora japonica
Japanese plum yew	Cephalotaxus harringtonia
Japanese raisin tree	Hovenia dulcis
Jenny stonecrop	Sedum rupestre
Judas tree	Cercis siliquastrum
Juniper	Juniperus communis
Katsura tree	Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Keeled garlic	Allium carinatum pulchellum
Kidney vetch	Anthyllis vulneraria
Korean mint	Agastache rugosa
Korean nut pine	Pinus koraiensis
Lady’s bedstraw	Galium verum
Lady’s mantle	Alchemilla mollis
Larch	Larix decidua
Large leaved lime	Tilia platyphyllos
Lavender	Lavandula angustifolia
Lemon balm	Melissa officinalis
Lemon bergamot	Monarda citriodora
Lemon daylily	Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus
Lesser trefoil	Trifolium dubium
Liquorice	Glycyrrhiza glabra
London plane	Platanus acerifolia
Lovage	Levisticum officinale
Lungwort	Pulmonaria officinale
Magellan barberry	Berberis buxifolia
Magnolia vine	Schisandra chinensis
Manchurian gooseberry	Actinidia kolomikta
Marigold	Calendula officinalis
Maritime pine	Pinus pinaster
Marjoram	Origanum majorana
Marsh mallow	Althaea officinalis
Marsh marigold	Caltha palustris
Maximilian sunflower	Helianthus maximiliani
Meadow vetchling	Lathyrus pratensis
Meadowsweet	Filipendula ulmaria
Medicinal rhubarb	Rheum officinale
Mediterranean salt bush	Atriplex halimus
Midland hawthorn	Crataegus oxycantha
Milk vetch	Astragalus glycyphyllos
Mitsuba	Cryptotaenia japonica
Monterey cypress	Cupressus macrocarpa
Monterey pine	Pinus radiata
Mormon tea	Ephedra nevadensis
Motherwort	Leonurus cardiaca
Mountain flax	Phormium colensoi
Mountain mint	Pycnanthemum pilosum
Mountain sorrel	Oxyria digyna
Mugwort	Artemisia vulgaris
Musk mallow	Malva moschata
Myrtle	Myrtus communis
Nepal pepper	Zanthoxylum alatum
New Zealand flax	Phormium tenax
Noble fir	Abies nobilis
Northern bayberry	Myrica pensylvanica
Old man’s beard	Clematis vitalba
Oregon grape	Mahonia aquifolium
Oregon grape	Mahonia nervosa
Oregon tea	Ceanothus sanguineus
Oriental persimmon	Diospyros kaki
Orpine	Sedum telephium
Osage orange	Maclura pomifera
Pacific fir	Abies amabilis
Paper birch	Betula papyrifera
Paper mulberry	Broussonetia papyrifera
Pawpaw	Asimina triloba
Pennyroyal	Mentha pulegium
Peppermint	Mentha piperita
Perennial rye	Secale montanum x
Perennial wall rocket	Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Pineapple guava	Acca sellowiana
Pokeweed	Phytolacca americana
Portuguese cherry laurel	Prunus lusitanica
Pot marjoram	Origanum vulgare
Purple coneflower	Echinacea purpurea
Purple passion fruit	Passiflora edulis
Quamash	Camassia quamash
Ramanas rose	Rosa rugosa
Rampion	Campanula rapunculus
Ramsons, wild garlic	Allium ursinum
Red alder	Alnus rubra
Red berried elder	Sambucus racemosa
Red clover	Trifolium pratense
Red dead-nettle	Lamium purpureum
Red haw	Crataegus mollis
Red valerian	Centranthus ruber
Redbud	Cercis canadensis
Reed	Phragmites australis
Ribwort plantain	Plantago lanceolata
Rock Cress	Barbarea vulgaris
Roman chamomile	Chamaemelum nobile
Rosemary	Rosmarinus officinalis
Round headed garlic	Allium sphaerocephalum
Rowan, Mountain ash	Sorbus aucuparia
Rue	Ruta graveolens
Rupturewort	Herniaria glabra
Russet buffalo berry	Shepherdia canadensis
Russian liquorice	Glycyrrhiza echinata
Russian mulberry	Morus alba tatarica
Russian olive	Elaeagnus angustifolia
Sage	Salvia officinalis
Sainfoin	Onobrychis viciifolia
Salad burnet	Sanguisorba minor
Saltbush	Atriplex canescens
Saskatoon	Amelanchier alnifolia
Sassafras	Sassafras albidum
Scorpion senna	Coronilla emerus
Scots pine	Pinus sylvestris
Sea beet	Beta vulgaris maritima
Sea buckthorn	Hippophae rhamnoides
Self heal	Prunella vulgaris
Service tree	Sorbus domestica
Serviceberry	Amelanchier canadensis
Shallon	Gaultheria shallon
Showy milkweed	Asclepias speciosa
Siberian elm	Ulmus pumila
Siberian ginseng	Acanthopanax senticosus
Siberian pea shrub	Caragana arborescens
Siberian purslane	Claytonia sibirica
Silver birch	Betula pendula
Silver lime	Tilia tomentosa
Sitka alder	Alnus sinuata
Small leaved lime	Tilia cordata
Smooth kiwi	Actinidia chinensis
Smooth sumach	Rhus glabra
Snowbell tree	Halesia carolina
Soapwort	Saponaria officinalis
Solomon’s Seal	Polygonatum odoratum
Solomon’s seal	Polygonatum multiflorum
Sorrel	Rumex acetosa Large leaved
Spanish bayonet	Yucca baccata
Spanish broom	Spartium junceum
Spearmint	Mentha spicata
Spice bush, Wild allspice	Lindera benzoin
St John’s wort	Hypericum perforatum
St Lucie cherry	Prunus mahaleb
Staghorn sumach	Rhus typhina
Stone pine	Pinus pinea
Strawberry tree	Arbutus unedo
Sugar maple	Acer saccharum
Swamp cypress	Taxodium distichum
Swedish whitebeam	Sorbus intermedia
Sweet bergamot	Monarda didyma
Sweet birch	Betula lenta
Sweet briar	Rosa rubiginosa
Sweet Cicily	Myrrhis Odorata
Sweet clover	Melilotus officinalis
Sweet gum	Liquidambar styraciflua
Sweet violet	Viola odorata
Sweet woodruff	Asperula odorata
Syrian haw	Crataegus tanacetifolia
Szechuan pepper	Zanthoxylum schinifolium
Tansy	Tanacetum vulgare
Tarragon	Artemisia dracunculus
Three leaf akebia	Akebia trifoliata
Thyme	Thymus vulgaris
Tree lupin	Lupinus arboreus
Trefoil	Medicago lupulina
Trifoliate orange	Poncirus trifoliata
Tulip tree	Liriodendron tulipifera
Turkish rhubarb	Rheum palmatum
Turkish rocket	Bunias orientalis
Tutsan	Hypericum androsaemum
Valerian	Valeriana officinalis
Virginia creeper	Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Water mint	Mentha aquatica
Watercress	Nasturtium officinale
Wax myrtle	Myrica cerifera
Wellingtonia	Sequioadendron giganteum
Welsh onion	Allium fistulosum
Western hemlock	Tsuga heterophylla
Western red cedar	Thuja plicata
White clover	Trifolium repens
White lupin	Lupinus albus Dieta
White mulberry	Morus alba
Whitebeam	Sorbus aria
Wild bergamot	Monarda fistulosa
Wild lupin	Lupinus perennis
Wild pansy	Viola tricolor
Wild pear	Pyrus communis
Wild quinine	Parthenium integrifolium
Wild service tree	Sorbus torminalis
Wild strawberry	Fragaria vesca
Wild thyme	Thymus serpyllum
Willow-leaved sea buckthorn	Hippophae salicifolia
Wilson’s barberry	Berberis wilsonii
Winter’s bark	Drimys winterii
Wintersweet	Chimonanthus praecox
Witch hazel	Hamamelis virginiana
Wood sanicle	Sanicula europaea
Wood vetch	Vicia sylvatica
Wych elm	Ulmus glabra
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium
Yellow gentian	Gentiana lutea
Yellow wood	Cladrastis lutea
Yew	Taxus baccata